Spinal Anatomy Modern Concepts

Section I - Phylogenesis and ontogenesis 1. Comparative anatomy of the axial skeleton of vertebrates 2. Embryology of the spine 3. The growing spine 4. Growth cartilages of the spine and pelvic vertebra 5. Morphological and functional evolution of the aging spine Section II - Postural Anatomy 6. Standing up. Its principles. Pelvic spinal relationships 7. The hip extension reserve and its relation to the spine 8. The EOS system: interest in the overall assessment of the balance of the spine but also its movements and balance Section III - Descriptive Anatomy 9. The cranial vertebra 10. Surgical anatomy of the vertebral pedicle 11. Anatomy of the sacrum: new concepts 12. The pelvic vertebra, the cephalic vertebra, and the concept of the chain Of balance 13. Are the "cranial and pelvic vertebrae" true vertebrae? 14. The intervertebral disk 15. Anatomy of thoracolumbar posterior joints 16. The spinal ligaments 17. Sacro-iliac joints 18. The normal and pathological spinal muscle 19. Configuration of posterior lumbar muscles. Application for Study Of lumbosacral malformations 20. Muscles and fascia 21. Functional anatomy of the erector of the spine: a review 22. The conjunctive structures of the posterior surface of the trunk 23. The spinal canals 24. The spinal cord 25. Spinal nerves (spinal innervation) 26. Anatomy of spinal meninges 27. Intrinsic innervation of the vertebral column 28. Vascularization of the spine and cord Functional anatomy Section IV - Functional anatomy 29. S